Congressional Issues 2014 TAXATION
VS. PRIVATE PROPERTY Fundamental
Tax Reform
Taxation
is Theft
The American Revolution (1776) was
fought over tax rates of 2-4%.
Americans today pay ten times more
than the amount our Founding Fathers took
up arms to fight. Acceptance of this state
of affairs is un-American.
Thomas Paine, in his influential book Common
Sense, noted that Samuel
warned Israel (1 Samuel 8) that the
king they desired would take one-tenth
of their income. This was intended as a
terrifying threat of monstrous tyranny.
Today it would be called "tax-relief."*
God commanded, "Thou
shalt not steal." Today's
politicians add, " . . . except by
majority vote." Acceptance of this
state of affairs is not only un-American, it
is immoral.
America's Founding Fathers would say
today's Americans are guilty of idolatry
for accepting monstrously unBiblical and tyrannical
tax rates without protest.
Real tax reform begins
with the recognition that taxation is
extortion, the seizing of income or
property under threats of force
or violence.
It is
important to remember that
government interference always means
either violent action or the threat
of such action. The funds that a
government spends for whatever
purposes are levied by taxation. And
taxes are paid because the taxpayers
are afraid of offering resistance to
the tax gatherers. They know that
any disobedience or resistance is
hopeless. As long as this is the
state of affairs, the government is
able to collect the money that it
wants to spend. Government
is in the last resort the employment
of armed men, of policemen,
gendarmes, soldiers, prison guards,
and hangmen. The essential feature
of government is the enforcement of
its decrees by beating, killing, and
imprisoning. Those who are
asking for more government
interference are asking ultimately
for more compulsion and less
freedom.
[I]n face of the modern tendencies
toward a deification of government
and state, it is good to remind
ourselves that the old Romans were
more realistic in symbolizing the
state by a bundle of rods with an ax
in the middle than are our
contemporaries in ascribing to the
state all the attributes of God.
"Fasces"
from the shield of the Partito
Nazionale Fascista
"New
Deal" fasces, "Mercury"
Dime, (1916–1945)
Congress should abolish all taxes. As step-by-step measures,
Congress should:
make permanent and accelerate the phase-in of
tax cuts enacted in 2001, including rate reductions, estate tax
repeal, and pension liberalization;
repeal the individual
and corporate alternative minimum taxes;
reduce the taxation of
capital by lowering personal taxes on capital gains and
dividends, which are currently taxed at both the corporate and
individual levels;
expand Roth individual
retirement accounts by greatly increasing contribution and
income limits and repealing withdrawal restrictions to create a
large all-purpose savings account available to every American;
index individual income
tax brackets to nominal income growth rather than inflation to
prevent hidden tax increases caused by ‘‘real bracket creep’’;
make permanent the 30
percent expensing provision for capital investment enacted in
2002, and expand it to ultimately allow 100 percent expensing;
ensure that all tax
cuts are consistent with replacing the income tax with a
low-rate consumption-based tax, such as a Hall-Rabushka flat
tax, a savings-exempt income tax, or a national retail sales
tax; and generally
make all federal taxes
lower, flatter, and simpler.
enact a five-year tax cut of at least $2 trillion; the tax cut
bill should
repeal the Bush and Clinton tax increases of 1990 and
1993, thus returning to two income tax rates, 15 and 28
per-cent;
abolish the capital gains and estate taxes;
create a $25,000 per household tax-free universal savings
account; and
index the income tax brackets for real income growth so
that tax liabilities do not rise faster than Americans’
incomes;
not allow states to unfairly tax the Internet;
end the withholding tax;
send an annual tax disclosure form to all taxpayers;
require a two-thirds supermajority vote to raise taxes;
enact an alternative maximum tax for individuals and
businesses; the MAXTAX should be set at 25 percent of gross
income and replace the filer’s income and payroll taxes;
replace the income tax with a national sales tax and close
down the Internal Revenue Service; and
refund taxes to Americans if tax revenue grows faster than
personal income.
adopt a "fair
tax" system as a transition
to the abolition of all taxes.
If Congress will not adopt a requirement for a roll-call vote
of at least two-thirds of the whole number of each house of
Congress to increase revenue in any way, the Constitution should
be amended to require such.
(a) total federal outlays for any fiscal year shall not exceed
total receipts for that fiscal year without at least a
three-fifths vote of the whole number of each House of Congress;
(b) the limit on United States debt held by the public shall not
be increased without at least a three-fifths vote of the whole
number of each House; and (c) no bill to increase revenue shall
become law unless approved by at least a majority of the whole
number of each House by a roll-call vote. If Congress will not
impose these requirements, the Constitution should be Amended to
do so.
[CATO policy recommendations from 2008. Have we made progress through moderation?]
The original federal income tax originally
imposed a tax of only 1 percent on incomes of $56,000 or more,
with a maximum of just 7 percent for incomes over $7 million
(both dollar figures adjusted for inflation to 2001). Strange
how new taxes, once in place, begin to bleed more and more
people with higher and higher rates that kick in at lower and
lower levels. -- Harry
Browne
The IRS must be abolished. Read three
horror stories about IRS
abuse. These examples are so systematic that Congress has held
hearings
on the matter. The IRS is worse than anything America's
Founding Fathers experienced prior to 1776.
"It would be an instructive exercise for the skeptical reader to try to frame a definition of taxation which does not also include theft. Like the robber, the State demands money at the equivalent of gunpoint; if the taxpayer refuses to pay his assets are seized by force, and if he should resist such depredation, he will be arrested or shot if he should continue to resist."
Is this anti-taxation position disrespectful of "the rule of
law?" Yes,
argues one writer. America's Founding Fathers would say, "To
hell with 'the rule of law.'" Is this
"revolutionary?" It's hard to imagine anything more
revolutionary than today's atheistic, socialistic government and its
"Rule of Law." The confiscatory
state is destroying family, religion and morality.
This website favors and defends family, religion, and morality, and
this motivates and informs our attack on taxation.
The
Tax Path Away from Liberty Not one of these taxes existed
100 years ago, and our nation was the most prosperous in the
world and had the largest middle class in the world... -
George Amberg, January 15, 2005 [LewRockwell.com]
The
National Sales Tax Disaster Bush and the Republicans
probably do not want to cut government at all, so we shouldn’t
fall for their Republican trick of "tax reform."
Spending increasers make bad tax cutters. - Anthony Gregory,
December 9, 2004 [LewRockwell.com]
Subway
Tax in the Rancid Apple Last year the New York City
Subway system carried 1.41 billion passengers. In 1947, the
historic high point of ridership, the system carried 2.02
billion. That means the latest numbers constitute an incredible
falloff of some 30% in a city whose population has stayed about
the same over the past 60 years. - Gregory Bresiger, February
28, 2003 [Mises]
What's
Wrong with Taxation? In fact, taxation is a most
uncivilized way of obtaining funds, given that it boils down to
nothing less than extortion. - Tibor R. Machan, December 4,
2002 [Mises]
Taxes
and the General Welfare We are approaching April 15, when
people's checkbooks remind them that even if "taxes are the
price we pay for a civilized society," it doesn't follow
that the civilization we get is worth the taxes we are forced to
pay. - Gary Galles, April 11, 2002 [Mises]
The
Envy Tax "Although death taxes are a rather
insignificant source of revenue for the federal government, they
are very popular with economic and social reformers." -
Hans F. Sennholz, August 2, 2001 [Mises]
I
Got My Check "Like so many other Americans, I have
received my 'tax relief' pittance from the national government.
Unlike many Americans, I don’t like it. I’m not bought. I’m
mad as hell." - Brad Edmonds, July 26, 2001 [LewRockwell.com]
And
He’s Taxing the Stairway to Heaven... "The
combination of a booming economy and confiscatory tax rates have
combined to saddle governments everywhere with the kind of
problem politicians love – finding ever more black holes into
which they can shovel the embarrassing surpluses that otherwise
keep piling up in excess of inflation and population growth,
combined." - Vin Suprynowicz, July 18, 2001 [LewRockwell.com]
The Mommy Tax "Is
motherhood a boon or a burden for women today?" - Cathy
Young, June 2001 [REASON]
Feminists
for Taxes "Patricia Ireland and her National
Organization for Women have released a statement attacking the
Bush budget and tax-cut plan. She points to deficiencies in tax
revenue and spending by virtue of accusing Bush of 'pushing
budget and tax cuts that will hurt women's physical and economic
health as well as the safety of women and families.'" -
Karen De Coster, May 31, 2001 [Mises]
We
All Pay For High Taxes "...high taxes may take a lot
of money from the wealthy, but those high taxes are used to
increase the power of big government over all of us, rich and
poor alike." - Ryan McMaken, March 14, 2001 [LewRockwell.com]
The
Thing About Taxes "There is nothing compassionate
about taxes. They are the price we pay for permitting the
government to dismantle the civilization created by the market
economy." - Llewellyn H. Rockwell, Jr., March 9, 2001 [LewRockwell.com]
Anti-Tax-Cut
Nuttery "I'm continually amazed by the half-baked
arguments made against George W. Bush's $1.5 trillion tax-cut
plan. Has the Left learned absolutely nothing over the past
couple of decades about how taxes impact the economy?" -
Stephen Moore, March 8, 2001 [CATO]
Taxing
the living and the dead "Those who never earned
their own money want the government to tax the life's savings
left by people who did earn their own money, even though these
earners already paid taxes on their incomes when they were
alive." - Thomas Sowell, February 22, 2001 [TownHall.com]
New
study: Holiday 'Grinch' taxes gobble up 41% of your travel costs "Feeling
strapped for cash as you prepare to take off for Christmas
vacation? Maybe that's because hidden travel taxes have added an
astounding 41% to the cost of your trip..." - released
December 20, 2000 [LP Press Release]
Tax
man someday may ride with you "One day, perhaps,
every car on the road will be equipped with a computer that uses
satellite technology to record every mile you drive, and in
which states and on which roads. Then the government will use
that information to tax you for your driving." - Larry
Sandler, December 6, 2000 [South Coast Today]
Death,
Wealth, and Taxes "The death tax is a part of a
crusade against people who manage to accumulate wealth -- it's
class warfare." - Walter Williams, October 26, 2000
[Capitalism Magazine]
Europe's
High Fuel Taxes: Virtue or Vice? "Last week an
acquaintance in England sent me this shocking note: 'Part of the
tax is pegged to price, so an increase in fuel prices raises the
tax. Prices are now some 90 pence per liter, over $6.00 per
gallon, with $5.00 of that tax. The average Brit pays over $100
a week to run his car, and some $80 of it goes to the
government.'" - Andrew West, CFA, September 20, 2000
[Capitalism Magazine]
Death
Tax Repeal a Hoax "Every once in a while, it appears
that Congress does something good for the American people. Such
a moment came on Friday when the House passed the 'Death Tax
Elimination Act of 2000.' Sounds wonderful, especially these
days when future estates are accumulating rapidly due to
economic expansion. Have the Republicans overcome their
spineless nature to finally stand up for principle?" -
Llewellyn H. Rockwell, Jr., June 12, 2000 [LewRockwell.com]
The Hidden
Cost of Taxation Politicians can nudge certain taxes up
without hearing from taxpayers, except for some brief grumbling.
- Dwight R. Lee, March 2000 [FEE]
Hide
the ham: Health fanatics want to slap a "fat tax" on
your favorite foods "That scrumptious meal you had
for Thanksgiving -- and the festive feast you're probably
planning for Christmas -- may get hit with a 'fat tax' if
certain public health fanatics get their way, the Libertarian
Party warned today." - released December 8, 1999 [LP
Press Release]
Grave
Robbers: The Moral Case against the Death Tax "The
death tax rewards a 'die-broke' ethic, whereby the wealthy spend
down their wealth on lavish consumption, and discourages
economically and socially beneficial intergenerational
saving." - Edward J. McCaffery, October 4, 1999 [CATO]
(PDF format)
Congress's
Tax Cut Imperative "For four years congressional
Republicans have talked ad nauseam about the middle-class
squeeze. Yet -- because of bracket creep -- the squeeze has
become a bear hug after four years of a GOP Congress." -
Stephen Moore, June 17, 1998 [CATO]
Equality
and the Death Tax "So long as parents care for their
children, the primary means of transferring money through the
generations will be through inheritance. It benefits bequestor
and heir, strengthens family ties, and increases long-term
savings. When the state intervenes in this process it increases
its coffers at the expense of the smooth operation of family,
society, and economy." - Alexander Tabarrok, September
1997 [Mises]
Working
Overtime Is More Taxing Than You Think "It turns out
that even if the worker receives time and a half for overtime, a
surprisingly large share of the bonus wages goes straight to the
tax collector." - George Nastas III and Stephen Moore,
March 6, 1997 [CATO]
Taxes
and Distortion The government always wants more of our
money, and too many economists are ready to make the case for
surrendering our last dime. - Llewellyn H. Rockwell, Jr.,
March 1996 [Mises]
The ABCs of
Capital Gains Tax This study examines the historical
experience with the capital gains tax in the United States, as
well as the findings of more than 50 economic studies on capital
gains taxation." - Stephen Moore and John Silvia,
October 4, 1995 [CATO]
Marriage
Tax Penalty Calculator "Follow these instructions to
find out how much the Marriage Penalty costs you in taxes that
you simply would not owe if you and your spouse were not
married." [Concerned Women for America]
The
Budget and Economic Outlook: Fiscal Years 2001-2010 [CBO] -
One snippet on Individual Income Taxes, "Individual
income taxes account for most of the recent rise in revenues as
a percentage of GDP. From 1993 to 1998, those receipts averaged
growth of more than 10 percent a year...Nonetheless, they grew
faster than GDP, reaching their highest share of GDP in the
postwar period in 1999. Their share is expected to peak in 2000
and then to slowly recede as some of the factors that caused its
rise moderate. But by 2005, the factors tending to boost the
share of individual tax receipts begin to dominate and cause the
ratio to rise through 2010."
"Voluntary
Taxes?"
This week the Seattle City Council approved
an ordinance that, as of January, will
require shoppers at grocery, drug, and
convenience stores to pay 20 cents for
each paper or plastic bag
they use:
The city
will distribute at least one free
reusable bag per household, and it
will consider providing more free bags
to low-income shoppers.
"This
is a voluntary fee," said Council
President Richard Conlin, who worked
with Mayor Greg Nickels on the
proposal. "No one has to pay it.
You only have to pay it if you choose
not to use reusable bags."
Can we stop it with this
"voluntary tax" nonsense
already? If you put your groceries in
an unapproved bag, the government
forces you to pay the fee, so it's not
voluntary. By Conlin's logic, sales
tax also is voluntary (you don't have
to buy stuff), as are alcohol and
tobacco taxes (you don't have to drink
or smoke), air travel taxes (you
don't have to fly), gas taxes (you
don't have to drive), property taxes
(you don't have to own a house), and
income taxes (you don't have
to make money).
Make
the Holiday Permanent "A tax holiday is better than
a rebate because it eliminates the absurd costs associated with
sending money to DC only to have it sent back again in the new
form." - Llewellyn H. Rockwell, Jr., December 5, 2001 [LewRockwell.com]
In Praise
of (Some) Corporate Lobbyists "Congress is looking
for a simple and effective way to get cash into the hands of
those who can use it to get the economy moving again. AMT repeal
would do exactly that since the AMT is a particularly heavy
burden on large industrial companies that do much of the capital
investment in this country." - Chris Edwards, November
5, 2001 [CATO]
Tennessee
in Revolt "With the General Assembly poised to put
another state income tax on the books, hundreds of angry
taxpayers revolted, descending on the state capitol in Nashville
with shouts of 'No new taxes!'" - Gregory Bresiger, July
18, 2001 [Mises]
Killing
the death tax "Unfortunately, the best argument for
the complete repeal of the estate tax rarely is raised. It is
that people who earn money have demonstrated by their ability to
earn the money that they're far more competent to disburse it
than politicians are." - Harry Browne, February 21, 2001
[WorldNetDaily]
A
Wage Earner Against the Estate Tax "...in a
capitalist society, free of governmentally imposed class
distinctions, talented newcomers—self-made men—again and
again rise from the ranks of the relatively poor and finish
their lives as the richest members of society. Rockefeller,
Carnegie, Ford, and in our day, men like Gates and Buffet, did
not enter the world in possession of any vast fortune. They
themselves created their fortunes. Heirs can retain their
fortunes if they do not waste them, but only if they possess
considerable talent can they maintain their fortunes in the
first rank of wealth." - George Reisman, February 14,
2001 [Mises]
Tax Cuts:
Now More Than Ever "The good news is that America
generally has lower tax rates than many of our competitors. This
has enabled us to become more prosperous in the past two
decades. But the bad news is that other nations are beginning to
catch up. Germany and Japan have reduced tax rates, and other
countries are looking to follow that example. This means that we
will have to lower our tax rates if we want to remain the No. 1
economy in the world." - Daniel J. Mitchell, December
19, 2000 [Capitalism Magazine]
Kentucky
town would rather hold bake sale than raise taxes on residents "'We've
paid for a new $26,000 police car, a $145,000 fire truck, a
$58,000 garbage truck and a $30,000 dump truck,' said Mayor
Betty Howard. 'We couldn't have done it without the shop.'"
- December 8, 2000 [The Dallas Morning News]
The
Case For Tariffs-Only "For over two centuries, one
of the most useful litmus tests of economic rationalism has been
the tariff test." - Gary North, October 14, 2000 [LewRockwell.com]
Tennessee
Should Be Cutting Taxes, Not Raising Them "If the
governor will not discipline spending in Nashville, the solution
for Tennessee is not to get a new income tax, but rather to get
a new governor." - Stephen Moore, November 17, 1999
[CATO]
Capital
Markets: The Importance of Lower Taxes "The more
money that remains in the hands of the private sector, the more
will be available to investors to support innovation." -
Steve Slivinski and Solveig Singleton, September 13, 1999 [CATO]
Time to
Replace the Income Tax "Ultimately, what is most
hopeful about the tax replacement scheme is not the increased
economic efficiency and productivity that would undoubtedly
result. Rather, it is the psychological impact it would have on
the American people, who would suddenly find themselves living
in a nation where it was none of the government's business how
much money they made or how they made or spent it." -
Edward H. Crane, October 4, 1996 [CATO]
The
Joy of Tax Cuts "The point of all tax reform should
be to keep more private property private. No matter how it is
collected, a tax is a tax, and therefore economically
destructive. Taxes should be cut anywhere and everywhere, and
never be 'replaced.'" - Lew Rockwell, Jr., June 1995 [LewRockwell.com]
A tax on aggression — like a
pollution tax, or other Pigovian taxes on negative externalities
— is not itself aggression.
If my neighbor is
aggressing against me by polluting my land, and the government
levies a tax on my polluting neighbor, then my neighbor is
(still) aggressing against me, and the government is aggressing
against my polluting neighbor.
There were people who saw the smokestacks of the industrial
revolution not as pollution, but as progress.
Monopolistic Aggression is not the way to resolve this conflict
of visions.
A tax on the economic rent of
land is aggression only if you disagree with the geolibertarian
premise that because land is not created by labor, the
occupation of land does not include an entitlement to its
economic rent. (The economic rent of a piece of land is equal to
the economic advantage obtained by using the site in its most
productive use, relative to the advantage obtained by using
marginal land for the same purpose, given the same inputs of
labor and capital.) Land rent is just one of many questions
about property rights that cannot be settled by invoking the
non-aggression axiom. Other questions relate to atmosphere,
bodies and streams of water, rain, sunlight, wind, migratory
game, fisheries, minerals, spectrum, orbits, expressions,
inventions, and reputations. Depending on your axioms about the
nature of property, any or all of these could
in principle be taxed without committing aggression.
According to Wikipedia,
"Geolibertarians"
are advocates of geoism, which is the position that all land
is a common asset to which all individuals have an equal
right to access, and therefore if individuals claim the land
as their property they must pay rent
to the community for doing so."
"Rent" here is a euphemism for
"taxes." "Community" is a euphemism for
"Monopolistic Aggression" or "The
State."
I'm not sure what it means to say that everyone has
"equal right" to access my property. I'm not sure
why Disney cannot charge admission to the "Haunted
Mansion" without having to pay taxes to all the people
who were denied the right to free and equal access to
Disneyland.
This last sentence is inaccurate. Taxation cannot occur
without aggression. Holtz means that the aggression would be
"justified."
Thus one could assert
"land rent is theft" and say that morality requires an
exaction (i.e. tax) against land rent. One could similarly
assert "pollution is theft" in defense of taxing
negative externalities. An anti-aggressionist could even assert
"free-riding is theft" in defense of a tax levied only
to fund a "public good" (i.e. a non-rivalrous
non-excludable product or service) for minimizing aggression —
such as national defense or guaranteed access to the justice
system. As geolibertarian economist Fred Foldvary says:
"government works and services increase land value, and so
long as these are provided and funded by government, a levy
based on the site value returns to government that land value
and rent added by the services." A geolibertarian could
argue that a tax on land rent is not strictly coercive, but
rather a form of restitution.
"Restitution"
is something given back to victims of aggression. If I rent out
my spare bedroom, I am not aggressing. I am not
"aggressing" if the government claims to have
"prevented another 9/11" though its
"defense" department.
Taxes used to finance the
protection of liberty are fundamentally different from taxes
used to finance rent-seeking (i.e. extracting undeserved
benefits from the government). If taxation to finance justice
for all is so horrible, so akin to "theft" and
"slavery", then any form of taxation should
be able to serve as the poster child for the anarcholibertarian
argument against coercive minarchism. If instead
anarcholibertarians have to paint an image of John Q. Taxpayer
being forced at gunpoint to redistribute his income to others,
then they just aren't engaging my position. The image I defend
is of John Q. being forced at gunpoint to pay his pollution
taxes (corresponding roughly to his pollution aggression) and
his land value taxes (corresponding roughly to the services
available for him to free-ride on). Can anarcholibertarians
argue against that, or not?
Suppose I like
flowers. I plant some in my garden. Suppose my neighbor likes
honey. He builds a bee-hive. My neighbor's bees pollinate my
flowers. I receive a benefit. I don't pay my neighbor for this
service. Have I "aggressed" against my neighbor? On
the other hand, my neighbor benefits from my flowers, which help
his bees make honey. Has my neighbor unfairly
"benefited" from my flowers. Is my neighbor a
"free-rider?" Should the government tax us both for
being "free-riders?" What if the government
establishes a "Department of Happy Thoughts," which
employs an army of bureaucrats to think "Happy
Thoughts" about my flowers and my neighbor's honey, thus
"manifesting" an increase in our nation's "Gross
National Product" through the "Law
of Attraction." Am I aggressing against "the
community" by failing to pay for this valuable government
service?
Saying taxation is a form of
confiscation is like saying assault is a form of murder, in that
only 100% taxation qualifies as actually confiscating the object
of the tax. Just because taxation and confiscation both involve
threatened force doesn't make them the same thing.
Suppose I want to
buy a Ford Taurus. I have $12,650. I go to the Ford dealer, only
to find out that the price of a Taurus is $23,000. The amount
above $12,650 represents taxes imposed by government on various
levels of production, according to Americans
for Tax Reform. I will not be able to buy the car. Please
explain to me why 100% of my Taurus was not confiscated from me.
Please tell me why $10,350 was not "confiscated" from
me if I paid the full sticker price for the car.
Seize/confiscate has
connotations that are not satisfied by taxation. One is that the
seized/confiscated thing is a distinct entity or collection that
was the particular target of an intent to take possession of it.
A mafia goon might "seize" or "confiscate"
your wallet or all the cash you happen to have in your pockets,
but if instead he says he'll be back each week for $100 in
protection money, a native speaker of English would instead say
he is "exacting" or "extorting" when he
collects it, not "seizing" or
"confiscating". The object of a seizure or
confiscation is a particular thing that you in some way possess
at the time of the threat or exercise of the force involved in
the seizure or confiscation. By contrast,
taxation/exaction/extortion often imposes a debt that is
satisfiable not by any particular thing(s) you currently
possess, but rather by some dollar-denominated (but otherwise
arbitrary) subset of your future earnings or holdings. The goon
doesn't care which hundred-dollar bill you give him next week,
or that you don't have any now, so long as you cough one up each
week. Thus taxation is
in form more like extortion than it is like theft.
Is there really
a moral distinction between "extortion" and
"confiscation," such that taxation (which is really
"merely" extortion) is not immoral?
Extortion is not theft???
Most Libertarians seem to recognize
that coercive taxation — or something that could be denounced
as such — will be necessary indefinitely. Of the the nine LP
presidential tickets, at least seven were headed by men who
conceded (then or later) that coercive taxation will be
necessary indefinitely — rejecting the pre-Portland Platform's
call for abolition of all taxation and immediate non-enforcement
of tax laws. Andre Marrou may merely have opposed "excessive
taxation", which would make it 8 out of 9. And while
David Bergland was a Rothbardian radical when nominated in 1984,
by 2000 he was managing the campaign of Harry Browne, who wrote
at the time that "until we find a way to finance government
without taxes or a way to assure our safety without any
government, some form of taxation will be necessary". So it
might actually be 9 out of 9.
It is true --
but ambiguous -- to say that taxes will be "necessary"
as long as we have government. Government by definition is
funded only by taxation, not by donations, user fees, or bake
sales. "The Government"
doesn't exist without "taxation." The question is,
Does a prosperous and harmonious human society require "the
government," (the only institution funded by
"taxation")?
Taxation and Human Action
Considered vertically, there are two basic categories of
human action: obedience and disobedience. Considered
horizontally, there are two basic categories of human action: service
and aggression.
The servant is
the producer, who either freely gives away the goods and
services he produces, or relies solely on persuasion
to complete an exchange of money or other goods
and services for his own productivity.
The aggressor
is the parasite, who relies on conquest, extortion, and
threats of violence to compel others to give him
what he wants, but has not produced or has nothing for which he
can trade for what he wants. Parasites can be passive,
waiting for others to steal on their behalf from the productive,
or elitist, believing that they have some superior right
to confiscate from others, based on the alleged wisdom or
"common good" of their confiscation and alternate use
of the goods and services.
Franz Oppenheimer distinguished the "servant" and
the "aggressor" as "Economic Man" and
"Political Man" respectively.
A hot dog vendor was kicked from the curb outside New York
City's Metropolitan Museum of Art last week for failure
to pay his monthly rent—of $53,558. Pasang Sherpa was under
contract to pay the Parks Department $362,201 a year for a
stand on the south side of the Met's entrance and $280,500 for
another on the north side. That's a lot of hot dogs.
At $2 a dog, it's an average of 880.4 hotdogs per day, or
110.05 hotdogs per hour (8 hours of vending per day) for the two
carts. After you sell that many wieners and pay the city your
rent, you can start making some real money.
* This
passage of Scripture was also debated in the New York ratifying
convention, Friday, June 20, 1788. (Jonathan Elliot, Debates
on the Adoption of the Federal Constitution, Vol. 2, p. 216.)